A devastating fire broke out in a barn on the southwest side of Chicago, Illinois on this day in history on Oct. 8, 1871.
Known as The Great Chicago Fire, the blaze burned through the heart of the Windy City, killing 300 people and leaving one-third of the city’s population homeless, according to National Geographic.
In addition to the loss of life, the fire burned from Oct. 8 to Oct. 10, 1871, destroying thousands of buildings causing an estimated $200 million in damages, according to History.com.
Legend has it that a cow kicked over a lantern in a barn owned by the O’Leary Family at 137 DeKoven Street on the southwest side of Chicago.
However, other theories said it could have been due to human causes or even a meteor, the same source said.
The exact cause of the original barn far fire was never officially determined, according to multiple sources.
The conditions that year included a devastatingly hot and dry summer — which resulted in countless smaller fires across the city, and Wisconsin’s own devastating Peshtigo Fire, according to Smithsonian Magazine.
“The Chicago blaze was so powerful that ‘fire devils,’ or vortexes of flames, would spin across buildings and jump to new blocks setting new structures alight,” said the same source.
The disaster prompted an outbreak of looting and soldiers were summoned to the city to contain the lawlessness.
From there, the fire spread north, leaping across the river not once but twice, according to The Chicago Sun-Times.
“It burned across downtown and then headed for the North Side. Finally, on Oct. 10, firefighters extinguished the inferno,” the same source chronicled.
At the time of the fire, Chicago’s population was approximately 324,000; within nine years, there were about 500,000 residents in Chicago, reported History.com.
By 1890, the city was a major economic and transportation hub with an estimated population of more than one million people, according to History.com.
The Chicago Fire Department training academy is currently located on the site of the O’Leary property where the Great Chicago Fire started.
In 1997, the Chicago City Council passed a resolution exonerating Catherine O’Leary, an Irish immigrant who died in 1895, and her cow, said the same source.
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